Question 1
Courtney raises champion sheep, Joe is a cab driver in New York, and Rufus is a member of the RAW family of professional wrestling. What do Courtney, Joe, and Rufus have in common?
Question options:
They are all members of countercultures.
They are all engaged in ethnocentrism.
They are all practicing cultural relativism.
They are all members of subcultures.
Question 2
Language, beliefs, values, norms, behavior, material objects, and technology that are passed from one generation to the next by members of society describe:
Question options:
culture.
tradition.
science.
experience.
Question 3
According to Robert Merton, __________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
Question options:
latent functions
manifest dysfunctions
manifest functions
latent dysfunctions
Question 4
The anthropologist who gathered data on hundreds of groups around the world to compare their customs, and then concluded that specific customs differed from one group to another, was:
Question options:
Benjamin Whorf.
Edward Wilson.
Edward Sapir.
George Murdock.
Question 5
What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?
Question options:
She was the first woman president of the American Sociological Association.
She won a Nobel Prize for her work with poor women.
She was the first woman elected governor.
She was the first woman to hold a presidential cabinet position.
Question 6
Americans usually recognize hard work, education, and efficiency as desired qualities. Where one of these qualities is found, the other two also apply. This is an example of:
Question options:
emergent values.
a value cluster.
cultural leveling.
a normative cluster.
Question 7
Matthew is completing his master's thesis, which addresses the culture of outlaw motorcycle gangs. For the past six months, he has been riding with a gang, observing and describing behaviors in an attempt to present a view of these groups from a gang member's perspective. Like Mario Brajuha, he is determined to keep the identities of his subjects confidential. Which research method is Matthew employing?
Question options:
Case study
Documentary
Participant observation
Unobtrusive measures
Question 8
When a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time its values and norms reflect the dominant culture of its society, the group would be considered a(n):
Question options:
counterculture.
example of cultural relativism.
example of cultural diffusion.
subculture.
Question 9
Anthropologist Ralph Linton said, "The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water." What does this imply about culture?
Question options:
Culture is taken for granted by members of society who share it.
There is only one acceptable method of doing any particular job.
Every culture establishes firm standards by which it functions.
Water is symbolic and has nothing to do with the statement.
Question 10
The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was:
Question options:
Talcott Parsons.
Ernest Burgess.
Robert E. Park.
W. I. Thomas.
Question 11
Dr. Zak is trying to determine what traits, if any, high-achieving students have that students who do poorly on his exams do not possess. To assess personal information from both groups of students, what research method should Dr. Zak probably use?
Question options:
An experimental method
An ethnographic study
A form of secondary data analysis
A survey
Question 12
Americans glorify academic progress and material success. However, most students do not graduate with honors and most citizens are not wealthy. This condition characterizes the difference between __________ culture and __________ culture.
Question options:
material; symbolic
ideal; real
real; symbolic
unrealistic; realistic
Question 13
Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
Question options:
Structural functionalism and the conflict perspective
Symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism
Symbolic interactionism and the conflict perspective
No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
Question 14
In an experiment, one group of participants is exposed to treatment, another is exposed to an application identified to them as treatment, and another is not exposed to any treatment. In such a procedure, the participants who are not exposed to any form of treatment, either genuine or false, are classified as the __________ group.
Question options:
rival
placebo
experimental
control
Question 15
Symbols can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought. This is referred to as:
Question options:
technology.
gesture.
language.
pattern.
Question 16
The term "__________" refers to the extent to which different studies come up with similar results.
Question options:
validity
replication
reliability
duplication
Question 17
What is the major problem with using participant observation as a research tool?
Question options:
It often leads to findings that lack generalizability.
It is unacceptable based on standards of the American Sociological Association.
It lacks both validity and reliability.
It is highly biased.
Question 18
When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people. Harry replied, "They're primitive people who eat animals from the streets, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast." Harry's reply best qualifies as an example of:
Question options:
ethnocentrism.
cultural diffusion.
the self-fulfilling prophecy.
the relativist fallacy.
Question 19
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe:
Question options:
standards by which people define what is socially desirable.
expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior.
ideas about what is true or false.
expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values.
Question 20
Many fundamentalist Christians lobby for laws making same-sex marriage illegal. Gays and lesbians consider same-sex relationships and same-sex marriage as basic human rights. Which concept best describes the relationship between these fundamentalist Christians and the gay/lesbian community?
Question options:
Culture shock on both sides
Differences in norms and folkways
Different symbols and languages
Culture war due to conflicting values
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