Lesson 4 Exam
Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 points
According to the course, _______ scientific experts believe there is still time to address environmental problems and change our course toward a sustainable future.
a) all
b) no
c) most
d) very few
Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 points
The ozone layer contains about _______ percent of atmospheric ozone.
a) 60
b) 75
c) 90
d) 99
Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 points
Two students are discussing causes of desertification in semi-arid locales. Allen maintains that overcultivation depletes soil of vital nutrients. Audrey argues that overgrazing strips vegetation and leads to soil erosion and deforestation. Which student is correct?
Question 4 2.5 / 2.5 points
Which global region produces the most waste per capita?
a) China
b) India
c) United States
d) Europe
Question 5 2.5 / 2.5 points
Disruption of the _______ cycle will have an unpredictable impact on humans due to this cycle's vital role in regulating global climate patterns.
a) nitrogen
b) carbon
c) phosphorous
d) water
Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 points
According to the EPA, the second most significant factor in human-caused global warming and climate change is
a) deforestation.
b) burning of fossil fuels.
c) desertification.
d) species extinction.
Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 points
Which statement best characterizes the temperate grassland biome?
Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 points
When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it produces _______ acid.
a) carbolic
b) carbonaceous
c) carbonic
d) corrosive
Question 9 2.5 / 2.5 points
A(n) _______ is the natural space inhabited by a particular plant or animal.
a) habitat
b) ecoregion
c) community
d) ecosystem
Question 10 2.5 / 2.5 points
Where would you find a cold desert biome?
a) Mojave
b) Sahara
c) Sahel
d) Antarctica
Question 11 2.5 / 2.5 points
According to the course, which of these has not been linked to damage caused by UVB radiation?
Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 points
The current rate of species extinction is conservatively estimated at _______ times greater than the background rate.
a) 20 to 200
b) 50 to 5,000
c) 100 to 1,000
d) 300 to 3,000
Question 13 2.5 / 2.5 points
Of the four modes of species interaction, trophic interactions are associated with
a) parasitism.
b) competition.
c) mutualism.
d) predation.
Question 14 2.5 / 2.5 points
Most of our weather takes place in Earth's
a) geosphere.
b) mesosphere.
c) troposphere.
d) thermosphere.
Question 15 2.5 / 2.5 points
When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they're engaged in _______ in an effort to understand how the whole system works.
Question 16 2.5 / 2.5 points
Which planet is in the so-called "Goldilocks zone"?
a) Earth
b) Mars
c) Jupiter
d) Venus
Question 17 2.5 / 2.5 points
The foremost emitters of methane are
a) oceans and rivers.
b) oil and gas industries.
c) landfills.
d) sheep ranches.
Question 18 2.5 / 2.5 points
Where can the largest tropical forest on the planet be found?
a) Amazon Basin
b) Indian subcontinent
c) Congo Basin
d) Indonesian archipelago
Question 19 2.5 / 2.5 points
Plankton and phytoplankton represent the base of the oceanic food chain and produce about _______ percent of our planet's atmospheric oxygen.
a) 20
b) 30
c) 40
d) 50
Question 20 2.5 / 2.5 points
Taiga includes the largest contiguous forests on the planet and make up about _______ percent of all of Earth's forests.
a) 50
b) 40
c) 30
d) 20
Lesson 5 Exam
Question 21 2.5 / 2.5 points
Demographically speaking, in the United States the rate of natural increase is currently below replacement. However, the population continues to grow due to net
a) decrease.
b) emigration.
c) birth rate.
d) migration.
Question 22 2.5 / 2.5 points
_______ is the global area with the highest rate of population growth.
a) China
b) Africa
c) Canada
d) Mexico
Question 23 2.5 / 2.5 points
In the four-stage model of transition theory, declining death rates and continuing high birth rates are characteristic of Stage
a) 1.
b) 2.
c) 3.
d) 4.
Question 24 2.5 / 2.5 points
In _______, death rates have declined markedly even as infant mortality rates continue as the highest in the world.
a) Pakistan
b) India
c) Afghanistan
d) Nigeria
Question 25 0 / 2.5 points
Which of these statements regarding gender difference in the death rate is false?
Question 26 2.5 / 2.5 points
The discussion in the course regarding the experience of China during Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1960 was meant to illustrate that
a
Question 27 2.5 / 2.5 points
The _______ ratio compares the number of economically productive people within a specific population to the number of people younger than 15 and older than 64.
a) dependency
b) productivity
c) producer-consumer
d) age to productivity
Question 28 2.5 / 2.5 points
What is the standard symbol for carrying capacity?
a) C
b) K
c) J
d) N
Question 29 2.5 / 2.5 points
From the perspective of Marx and Engels, the political and economic theories of
Adam Smith, John Locke, and others are mainly a(n) _______ of the capitalist system.
a) ideological critique
b) rationalization
c) criminal indictment
d) radicalization
Question 30 2.5 / 2.5 points
Which statement is true regarding global population growth trends?
Question 31 2.5 / 2.5 points
In developed countries, a fertility rate of 2.1 live births per 1000 births per year is called _______ fertility.
a) stabilized
b) replacement
c) declining
d) increasing
Question 32 2.5 / 2.5 points
Thomas Malthus proposed a list of preventive and positive measures to control population growth. Which of these would Malthus call a positive check?
Question 33 2.5 / 2.5 points
Demographers have added a fifth stage to the classic four-stage transition theory. Namely, when birth rates fall below replacement and death rates exceed birth rates, a country can be said to have entered Stage 5. As mentioned in the course, all of these countries are now considered to be at Stage 5 except
a) Argentina.
b) Greece.
c) Germany.
d) Portugal.
Question 34 2.5 / 2.5 points
In a growing population, the rate of natural increase equals the birth rate minus the death rate plus net
a) migration.
b) averages.
c) emigration.
d) fertility.
Question 35 2.5 / 2.5 points
Malthus was incorrect on a key assumption. It turns out that as a population's standard of living increases, birth rates
a) stabilize.
b) increase.
c) equalize.
d) decrease.
Question 36 2.5 / 2.5 points
_______ death rate equals total deaths per year divided by the midyear population. This figure is normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
a) Estimated
b) Projected
c) Approximate
d) Crude
Question 37 2.5 / 2.5 points
Which stage of transition theory is usually quite brief?
a) Stage 2
b) Stage 3
c) Stage 4
d) Stage 5
Question 38 2.5 / 2.5 points
Ehrlich's dire projections differed from those of Malthus in that he applied the principle of geometric progression to
Question 39 2.5 / 2.5 points
According to the course, all of the following factors are likely to be sources of social problems related to population density except
a) economics.
b) spirituality.
c) cultural factors.
d) politics.
Question 40 2.5 / 2.5 points
Which type of historical information about a population would not be found in an age pyramid?
a) Ethnicity
b) Fertility
c) Mortality
d) Migration
