Question 1
A __________ is the combination of base, a deoxyribose molecule, and a phosphate group.
A. chromosome
B. genome
C. DNA strand
D. nucleotide
Question 2
The molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid dictates:
A. the manner in which chromosomes are organized.
B. the way DNA encodes genetic information.
C. how molecules carry genetic information.
D. how chemical reactions burn food.
Question 3
In a DNA model, the alternating __________ and phosphate groups are represented on the two twisted ribbons.
A. thymine
B. guanine
C. sugar
D. cytosine
Question 4
Before a cell __________, the double helix partially and rapidly unwinds.
A. dies
B. divides
C. replicates
D. bonds
Question 5
The overall shape or conformation of the protein molecule is termed its __________ structure.
A. tertiary
B. primary
C. secondary
D. substrate
Question 6
All enzymes are:
A. sugars.
B. proteins.
C. phosphates.
D. glycogens.
Question 7
Bacteria contain rings of __________ called plasmids.
A. molecules
B. hydrocarbon
C. DNA
D. cells
Question 8
DNA __________ utilize(s) unique fragments of DNA to identify a specific individual.
A. sourcing
B. fingerprinting
C. analysis
D. probes
Question 9
__________ in cells, but not within cell nuclei, are vital to energy production.
A. Fatty acids
B. Hydrocarbons
C. Mitochondria
D. Proteins
Question 10
Before __________ there was no hepatitis B vaccine.
A. transgenic modifications
B. recombinant DNA
C. electrophoresis
D. DNA probes
Question 11
The biochemists who set out to decipher the genetic code concentrated on translating base language into __________ language.
A. codon
B. substrate
C. amino acid
D. DNA coded
Question 12
Chromosomes consist of __________ compact structures of intertwined molecules of DNA in a human cell nucleus.
A. 39
B. 46
C. 48
D. 52
Question 13
What is the totality of human hereditary information in molecular form called?
A. Chromosome
B. Human genome
C. DNA
D. RNA
Question 14
What is a nucleotide?
A. The combination of nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group
B. Phosphate units
C. Deoxyribose
D. The combination of deoxyribose and a phosphate group
Question 15
Francis Crick established that genetic code was written in groupings of three DNA bases known as:
A. codons.
B. amino acid residues.
C. complementary bases
D. clonings.
Question 16
Organic polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds are called:
A. proteins.
B. codons.
C. genetic codes.
D. DNA bases.
Question 17
Electrophoresis and __________ have made genetic fingerprinting a highly accurate and viable method for fighting crime.
A. x-ray diffraction
B. nuclear transfer
C. polymerase chain reaction
D. amniocentesis
Question 18
The molecule with its reaction catalyzed by an enzyme is the:
A. catalyst.
B. active site.
C. substrate.
D. coenzyme.
Question 19
Interferons are:
A. proteins that are produced by cells under viral attack.
B. genetically engineered proteins.
C. viruses that attack.
D. proteins that produce carbohydrates when they encounter a virus.
Question 20
Diabetes is more effectively treated today through the creation of insulin by:
A. sickle-cell anemia.
B. recombinant DNA.
C. polymerase chain reaction.
D. electrophoresis.
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