Question 1
Shaw and McKay (early 1920s) found a relationship between:
deviant acts and certain types of communities with high population densities and crowded housing conditions
delinquency and certain areas in the city that manifest social disorganization and value conflict
deviant acts and delinquency that culminates a process or series of stages that develops over a period of time
All of the above
Question 2
Control of white-collar and corporate crimes requires both criminal law and _____________ law. Civil
Question 3
Why are people in business occupations isolated from unfavorable definitions of illegal activity?
Question 4
Which of the following criminal justice players must often decide whether or not or how to assign to a type of correctional facility, award privileges, and punish for disciplinary infractions?
Question 5
Which of the following best describes the current societal reaction to conventional offenders?
Question 6
What is the usual motive of white-collar criminals?
Question 7
White-collar criminals are similar to conventional criminals in terms of:
Question 8
Many federal offenses prosecuted under the label of “white-collar crime” are regulatory or public welfare offenses, rather than true crimes.
Question 9
Which of the following is true regarding organized crime syndicates?
Question 10
Tina is hungry without any money. She tells herself that she must steal in order to eat that day, and that in this case stealing is ok. She then goes into a convenience store and steals some food without feeling any guilt. Tina’s justification is a type of:
Question 11
The strength of society’s reaction to political offenses by groups and individuals against government depends on:
Question 12
When comparing rates of child abuse internationally, we find that the U.S. rate of abuse:
Question 13
Match the following:
ankle-biters
class cannon
Embezzlement
Enronization
Fraud
infiltration of legitimate businesses
inventory shrinkage
employee theft
Phreakers
A. business merchandise losses from illegal activities as well as honest, unintentional mistakes
B. ability of corporate crime to victimize stockholders, workers, customers, and an entire region
C. teenage hackers; web vandals
D. computer users who find ways to obtain free telephone services without being billed
E. professional pickpocket
F. use of deception to acquire unlawful gain
G. conversion of personal property of another by one who has acquired lawful possession with an intent to defraud the owner
H. when criminals gain control through illegal threats and actions, or by investing large sums of money from illegitimate sources
I. none of the above in column B
Question 14
Which if the following is true concerning identity theft?
Question 15
Match the following:
corporate crimes
NIBRS
occasional offenders
political crimes
political offenders
professional offenders -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
technocrime
UCR
usury
A. normally terminate their law-breaking behavior after apprehension
B. number of offenses for which at least one person has been arrested, charged with the commission of the offense, and turned over to the court for prosecution
C. offering loans at interest rates far above the legal limit
D. collection of 22 categories of crime, viewed along with all of its components, including type of victim, type of weapon used, location of crime, etc.
E. use of computers, fax machines, cell phones, electronic surveillance, and new accounting technologies for committing corporate crime
F. offenses committed by firms or industries
G. crimes against and by the government
H. more likely to come from middle class backgrounds
I. collection of crime statistics and other law enforcement information published annually under the title Crime in the United States
J. passed in 1895 as an attempt to prevent monopolies
K. none of the above in column B
Question 16
Molestation cases involving churches appear to be related to:
Question 17
Criminologists have suggested using __________ as a tool to get corporations to change their behavior.
Question 18
Criminals:
are almost all similar in how they identify with crime and other criminals
have similar levels of commitment to crime as a behavior
differ in the extent to which they progress in acquiring more sophisticated criminal norms and techniques
are not a diverse group
Question 19
Administrative courts, compared to criminal courts, often sanction behavior in order to:
Question 20
The essence of common law is that it is based on
Question 21
Of the different types of criminals outlined in the nonviolent crime chapter, “professional” criminals have the highest social status and the most effective skills.
Question 22
According to anomie theory, ritualists ______ the culture goals of society while they ________ the institutionalized (appropriate) means to obtain the goals.
Question 23
Vandalism is committed almost exclusively by young adults aged 19-23.
Question 24
According to Coleman, which of the following is NOT a factor that helps explain white-collar crime?
Question 25
Crimes by government have received:
Question 26
The most effective laws:
Question 27
People are considered deviant:
Question 28
One of the oldest ways to deter cyber crimes, including hacking, is using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to make an exact copy of the quantum state of a photon.
Question 29
Which mode of adaptation commonly leads to delinquency and crime?
Question 30
Which of the following is true of white-collar offenders?
Question 31
Members of organized crime syndicates:
Question 32
The development of a criminal self-concept can often lead to:
Question 33
Conventional offenders do not tend to specialize in their criminal offenses.
Question 34
About 20% of all people arrested for felonies eventually end up in prison.
Question 35
Fred and Rasputen would be considered deviant according to the _______ definition of deviance even though they have never used curse-words, have never drunken alcohol, and have never engaged in pre-marital sex.
Question 36
Computer crimes:
Question 37
According to a Pew Study, published in February 2008, approximately Blank 1 in Blank 2 Americans are in prison. (e.g., 999)
Question 38
More recent, better designed and executed studies on the biological effects on deviant behavior and crime find that:
Question 39
Elite deviance -- in all its forms -- now constitutes a major social problem for American society, as explored in Chapter 7, and much of the world as well. The recent collapse of Blank 1 became a symbol of the Blank 2’s end.
Question 40
Conventional criminals:
Question 41
Johnny is dared by some of his friends to steal a candy bar from the store. He has never stolen before, and doesn’t see himself as a thief. Because he wants acceptance from his friends, he takes the candy bar. He isn’t caught and doesn’t steal again. What kind of deviance would a labeling theorist say he engaged in?
Question 42
Within the FBI definition, there is no mention of the type of occupation or the socioeconomic position of the "white-collar" offender.
Question 43
White-collar crimes could be committed by just about anyone.
Question 44
The cost of pirated and counterfeit goods has been estimated at $520 million dollars a year for U.S. manufacturers.
Question 45
According to Professor Hyman, the example he gave concerning hitting Johnny explained ___________. In summary, what he was saying was that human actions and either through pleasurable (hedonic) incentives or through punishment, direct individuals to desirable activities.
Question 46
What are the positive and negative affects of globalization on the U.S.?
Question 47
Which of the following is NOT a measure used to reduce future incidences of white-collar and corporate crime?
Question 48
Which of the following is a false statement?
Question 49
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons mentioned in the textbook for the rising prison population?
Question 50
Which of the following is true about the enforcement of computer crime law?
Question 51
Which of the following is NOT a condition Cressey mentioned where trusted people embezzle funds from the company they work for?
Question 52
Billy likes to pirate software by copying and distributing unauthorized copyrighted material. What kind of computer user is Billy?
Question 53
Primary deviance in juveniles can lead to Blank 1 degradation ceremonies, leading to labeling and then to secondary deviance, deviance that is the result of being labeled. To avoid this deviance, juvenile acts should have Blank 2, due process, and deinstitutionalization.
Question 54
Compared to occasional offenders, conventional offenders:
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